9. The role of human element in risk and crisis management.

Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; List of figures; List of tables; List of contributors; Preface; 1. The workforce and the labour market; Introduction; A historical perspective; The seafaring labour market; Demand and supply; Recruitment and retention; Market imperfections; Discrimination; Trade unions and international regulation; Shore-based employment; Conclusions and implications for future research; Discussion questions; References; 2. Recruitment and the image of the shipping industry; Introduction; Recruitment of seafarers.

Poor industry image -- underlying factorsBecoming a seafarer; Maritime education and training; Improving industry image and attraction; Conclusion; Case study: Abandonment of seafarers and image issues; Further reading; References; 3. Standardisation of seafarer training and skills formation; Introduction; Globalisation and deregulation in shipping and the emergence of a global market for seafarers; Variations in maritime education and training systems; Variations in assessment and certification for seafarers; Concluding assessment: what do these differences mean?; Discussion questions.

Case study: maritime education and training in the PhilippinesNote; References; 4. Reward management and performance appraisal; Introduction; The challenges of the seafaring market; Condition of seafarers' employment and salary determination; Salary inequity and discrimination against nationality and gender; Performance appraisal; Conclusion; Discussion questions; Case study; Appendix; References; 5. Industrial relations and international conventions; Introduction; Maritime unions and union movements; Interactions between employers' organisations and employees' unions.

Challenges of maritime unions in facing up the changing maritime industryInternational conventions and codes; Maritime policies and legislations; Conclusion; Discussion questions; Case study; References; 6. Employee health and wellbeing; Introduction; Health and wellbeing; Fitness for work; Regulatory provision; Case study 1; Case study 2; Discussion questions of the case studies; Impact of health and wellbeing on the retention of seafarers; Conclusion; Discussion questions; References; 7. Work-life balance; Introduction; The shipping industry: employment practices.

Psychological contract and work-life balanceThe growing need for work-life balance; Work-life balance and employment retention; Managing work-life balance: role of shipping organisations; Conclusion; Discussion questions; Case study; Further reading; References; 8. Workforce mobility, career pathways, and employee retention; Introduction; Workforce mobility; Retention practice in the shipping industry; Psychological contract; Career pathways; Employee retention; Conclusion; Discussion questions; Case study; Further reading; References.